10

Payout Rails That Actually Work in India (2025): UPI, Bank, USDT, Wise

Anurag Kumar
10/10/2025
10Min read
  • The first ₹ ping on your UPI app feels like victory - but the real game starts with choosing how that payout reaches you. In India, traders and funded account users juggle between UPI, Bank, USDT, and Wise, each with its quirks, fees, and compliance angles. This guide breaks down real pros and cons for every payout rail so you can trade and withdraw without friction, delays, or audit nightmares.

The First Ping: Why Payout Rails Matter More Than You Think

  • The first time you hear the crisp "Received ₹" ping on your UPI app after a long trading sprint, you stop breathing for a second. You check the reference ID, you check your bank SMS, you check the prop dashboard like a person double-locking a door. If you’re sitting in Pune or Indore or Noida, you already know that getting paid is not merely about passing a challenge. It’s about choosing the right rail for your situation - the corridor that fits your account size, your timeline, your documentation comfort, and your compliance appetite. A funded account for binary trading doesn’t care how you feel on payday. But your payout rail does. You pick it, you live with it, and some rails forgive delays and mistakes more than others. You want speed today and clean paperwork for tomorrow’s audit. That combination is rarer than you think.

    Two thoughts before we dig in. First, no single rail wins every scenario - what works for a ₹30,000 payout can be terrible for ₹3 lakh. Second, payouts are not just tech - they’re policy. Your choices should read like you’ve met a compliance officer before, not like a motivational poster. Now let’s map the corridors you’ll actually use.

What counts as a ‘rail’ - and why you should choose before you trade

  • A payout rail is simply the path your money takes from a binary prop firm to your pocket. In India, you’re realistically picking among four - UPI, domestic bank transfer (IMPS/NEFT/RTGS), USDT via an on-ramp/off-ramp exchange, and Wise for cross-border transfers that land in your INR bank. Each has a different heartbeat: UPI is instant but fussy about source narratives, IMPS/NEFT/RTGS is sturdy but slower, USDT is fast and global but needs crypto proficiency, and Wise sits in the middle - faster than a SWIFT wire, slower than UPI, often cheaper than your bank for USD to INR.

    Why choose early? Because your month’s trading plan should match your exit plan. If your program allows weekly withdrawals and you’re planning to pay bills via UPI, requesting USDT to a fresh exchange account the night rent is due is a stress test for the soul. Decide your primary and backup rails on day one: what you’ll use for small, frequent payouts and what you’ll use for large, end-of-month settlements. If your binary funded account pays in stablecoins, set up your INR off-ramp well before you need it. If your platform can push local INR transfers, confirm limits and reference formats to avoid returns. You’ll trade better when payouts feel boring.

Corridor matrix - a practical snapshot you can actually use

  • The table below is a working cheat sheet. It isn’t legal advice - it’s an operator’s view. You still verify limits with your bank/app.

    RailTypical speedTypical feesBest forRisk points you must plan for
    UPISeconds to minutesUsually ₹0 - ₹5 domesticSmall and frequent payouts under ₹1 lakhPer-transaction limits, narrative scrutiny, app downtime during peak hours
    Bank (IMPS/NEFT/RTGS)IMPS: instant - NEFT: same day - RTGS: 30 min+₹0 - ₹25 typicalMid to large domestic INR creditsBeneficiary verification, bank compliance flags, turnaround if name mismatches
    USDT (TRC20/ ERC20)Minutes after approvalNetwork fee + exchange maker/taker + spreadFast global payouts and weekend creditsOn-ramp/off-ramp KYC, pricing slippage, exchange downtime, policy sensitivity
    WiseHours to 1-2 business daysMid - depends on corridorCross-border USD/EUR to INR with transparent FXCompliance checks on purpose-of-funds, daily/monthly limits, document requests

    Bridge this to your next action: mark one rail as ‘bread-and-butter’ and one as a lifeboat. That decision alone reduces 80% of payout anxiety.

UPI - the sprint king with small lungs

  • UPI feels like magic when the amount is modest and the sender is domestic. For traders living on smaller weekly distributions - ₹10k here, ₹25k there - it’s unmatched. You get the push notification, the SMS, and it slots into your daily routine. If your binary funding account uses an Indian payments partner to disburse INR, UPI is the path of least resistance. But speed comes with constraints. Most apps enforce per-transaction caps and daily limits, and reference fields are short. If your name has multiple spellings across banks and apps, you may face occasional returns. Also, while UPI rarely asks you for a purpose on receipt, cross-border flows that get domesticated upstream can be sensitive - especially if a prop firm is routing through a local aggregator.

    Use UPI when your payouts are frequent and under ₹1 lakh per event. Keep a predictable cadence - same day of week, same time window - to avoid pattern flags. If you’re mixing rails, don’t convert the week’s USDT to INR on an exchange and then immediately move that INR via UPI in large bursts - stagger it. Keep each hop looking normal for that rail. Your UPI ledger should read like a regular professional’s - not like an FX desk’s. And please, screenshot the credit and keep the UTR reference in a monthly spreadsheet. You will thank yourself during tax season or if support asks for proof.

Bank transfer - the adult in the room

  • IMPS, NEFT, and RTGS are the backbone of Indian payouts when amounts get serious. Banks love predictability, and you get that here - clear UTRs, bank statements, and better acceptance for larger sums. If your top binary funding platform pays INR from a domestic account, set up beneficiary details carefully - exact name as per bank, correct account number and IFSC, and a small test credit before bigger transfers. IMPS is instant for amounts typically up to ₹5 lakh per day per account, NEFT batches run through the day, and RTGS is designed for larger remittances, generally ₹2 lakh and above, with near real-time processing during business hours.

    The trade-off is friction when something looks off. Banks are conservative by design. A sudden ₹3 lakh credit from an unfamiliar sender can trigger automated reviews, especially if your account profile shows mostly salary and UPI grocery spends. Preempt that by keeping a short ‘purpose-of-funds’ note ready and, for very large amounts, considering an advance heads-up to your branch or relationship manager. If your binary funding account supports bank wires from overseas, confirm the intermediary fees and make sure your full name and account number appear in the beneficiary fields exactly as your bank expects. The adult in the room will protect you on audits - but it demands you behave like one too.

USDT - speed and global reach, with a grown-up learning curve

  • Stablecoins like USDT offer something the banking calendar doesn’t: weekend-friendly, cross-border friendly, fast settlement once compliance says yes. Many props pay out in USDT because it scales - one click from their treasury to your wallet, minus a network fee. For you, the trader, the real work is not receiving USDT. It is converting USDT to INR at a fair price through a compliant on-ramp/off-ramp. That means verified accounts on reputable exchanges, a clear habit of moving funds in measured tranches, and a cool head about spreads.

    Pick networks with eyes open. TRC20 fees are low and speeds are good, but exchange maintenance or network congestion can still delay you. ERC20 is more expensive but widely supported. If you’re new, test a ₹2,000-equivalent transfer first. On the INR side, don’t chase the absolute top-of-book price in a thin order book for a large conversion - you’ll slip. Break amounts and use limit orders where it makes sense. Keep screenshots of ‘Deposit received’ and ‘INR withdrawal initiated.’ If your binary options funded account is crypto-only, build a sleek ritual: secure wallet, exchange account with 2FA and withdrawal whitelist, a daily conversion window you can stick to, and a separate bank account for crypto INR credits so your primary account remains clean and predictable. USDT is not hard - it is unforgiving to the careless.

Wise - the quiet workhorse for cross-border INR credits

  • Wise sits in a sweet spot for many Indian traders paid by firms that run fiat-only treasuries. The appeal is transparency - you see the FX rate, the fee, and a realistic arrival estimate. For USD or EUR denominated payouts into INR, Wise often beats old-school SWIFT wires on both time and cost. You still need to tell a clean story: who is sending, what for, and where it’s landing. Provide the exact beneficiary name as per bank, and match your address and PAN across your Wise and bank profiles to avoid holds. Wise will sometimes ask for extra documents on larger transfers or unusual patterns - invoices, screenshots of dashboards, or a brief purpose description.

    Use Wise when you want less DIY than crypto but more speed than a traditional wire. If your binary funding account offers multiple rails, combine Wise for monthly settlements and UPI or bank for smaller weekly drips. Two cautions. First, don’t over-rotate - five Wise credits in four days from different senders looks odd anywhere. Second, treat the memo field with respect. Write a purpose that a banker can read without Googling: ‘Independent digital services - trading performance fee - [Month].’ You’re not hiding anything. You’re translating your world to theirs.

Compliance notes - the grown-up section everyone scrolls past

  • You don’t need to be a lawyer, but you should think like one for 10 minutes. Keep KYC ready across rails: PAN, Aadhaar or passport, recent address proof, and a bank statement that clearly shows your name, account number, and IFSC. Maintain a payout log with date, rail, amount in source currency and INR, UTR/TxHash, and a one-line purpose. If you’re using USDT, keep the chain of custody - wallet receipt, exchange deposit, conversion to INR, and bank withdrawal. If a binary funding account pays from overseas, expect additional questions from the receiving bank about purpose-of-funds. Answer calmly and consistently.

    Be mindful of local rules about speculative products and unregulated venues. If your platform positions itself as educational or simulated while paying profit shares, your paperwork should reflect that language - performance-based payments for a skills program, not brokerage commissions. Keep invoices simple, accurate, and matched to your bank narrative. If anything feels grey, shrink the amount and test the corridor before making it your primary path. Compliance is not there to scare you. It is there to keep your money defensible when someone sensible asks ordinary questions.

Flowchart in text - pick your rail like a pro

  • You’ll run this decision tree each time, quickly, before you request a payout.

    1. How much do you need now?
      • ≤ ₹50,000 - and you need it today → UPI first, Bank-IMPS as backup.
      • ₹50,000 to ₹3 lakh - comfortable by tomorrow → Bank-IMPS/NEFT.
      • ≥ ₹3 lakh - non-urgent but clean audit trail → Bank-RTGS or Wise.
    2. What rail does the firm offer?
      • INR local transfer available → Prefer Bank/UPI according to amount.
      • USDT only → Use USDT with a tested exchange off-ramp, in two or three tranches.
    3. Do you need a documentable FX trail?
      • Yes → Wise or Bank wire with clear purpose notes.
      • No, speed-first → USDT to INR with screenshots at each hop.
    4. Is this your first payout with this firm?
      • Yes → Request a small test payout first, then scale.
      • No → Use your established corridor - don’t reinvent during crunch time.

    If any answer creates friction, pause and choose the slower but safer rail. A smooth T+1 beats a risky T+0 that returns funds on T+3.

The practical checklist - copy this into your notes app

  • Context first: checklists are boring, and boring is exactly what you want when money moves.

    • Confirm rail availability with support - and ask for the typical processing window.
    • Verify beneficiary details - full legal name, account number, IFSC, wallet address or Wise profile.
    • Run a small test payout - ₹5k to ₹15k equivalent - and record UTR or TxHash.
    • Keep an evidence folder for the month - dashboards, receipts, bank credits.
    • Write a clean purpose for funds - consistent across invoice, Wise memo, and bank narrative.
    • Plan your conversion path if using USDT - which exchange, which order type, what time window.
    • Set a cap for same-day hops - don’t move funds across three rails in two hours.
    • Lock your phone and email security - SIM swap or inbox takeover ruins perfect logistics.
    • Don’t chase last-minute size - never request a first payout that is your largest ever.

    You’ll stop improvising once this list becomes muscle memory.

Corridor playbooks - four real-life patterns that work

  • You don’t need infinite combinations. Pick one of these patterns and stick to it for a quarter.

    • The Drip - small weekly living expenses
      • Rail: UPI up to ₹25k per drip, once or twice a week. Backup: IMPS.
      • Why it works: zero friction, predictable pattern, minimal flags.
      • Watch out for: changing receivers too often.
    • The Clean Month-End - accountant-friendly
      • Rail: Wise monthly, with a clear invoice and memo. Backup: RTGS.
      • Why it works: transparent FX, tidy paperwork.
      • Watch out for: last-day bunching - send two days early.
    • The Fast Bridge - crypto-native
      • Rail: USDT TRC20, deposit to exchange, INR to bank same day.
      • Why it works: weekend friendly, fast.
      • Watch out for: exchange maintenance - always have two exchanges.
    • The Hybrid - steady plus safe
      • Rail: bi-weekly UPI drips + monthly Wise settlement.
      • Why it works: cash flow now, clean books later.
      • Watch out for: duplicated narratives. Keep memos consistent.

    Each playbook is simple, auditable, and friendly to human attention spans. You will make fewer mistakes when your calendar feels the same each cycle.

The email that gets compliance on your side

  • You don’t argue with support. You make their job easy. Send this with your first payout.

    Subject: Payout Method Confirmation - Account [ID] - [Month]

    Hello Team,

    I plan to request a payout of [Amount + currency] via [Rail: UPI/Bank/USDT/Wise]. Could you confirm the typical processing window and any format preferences for beneficiary details or memos?

    • Rail details: [Bank account with IFSC / UPI VPA / Wise recipient / USDT network + address]
    • Small test payout: I’m happy to run a small test first and then request the remainder.
    • Documentation: I keep a monthly folder with Tx references. If you need any specific evidence attached to the request, I’ll include it.

    Thank you - looking forward to your confirmation.

    [Your Name]

    [Country - India]

    [Ticket or Account ID]

    Two lines, three attachments, zero drama. That’s how payouts become admin, not adrenaline.

Final Drift

  • You don’t need the ‘perfect rail.’ You need the right rail for this amount, this week, this compliance story. UPI is a sprinter. Bank transfers are dependable adults. USDT is the expressway if you know how to drive. Wise is the scenic route with clear signboards. For discoverability - and so you find this again when you need it - I’ll leave a quiet breadcrumb: binary funding account, funded binary, binary funded account, binary options funded account, binary prop firm, top binary funding platform. Algorithms aside, remember the only metric that matters on payday: did money arrive when you needed it, with paperwork you can defend six months from now. Choose like a pro today so tomorrow’s payout feels routine.

    Also Read: Withdrawal Horror Stories: Why Some Traders Never See Their Profits
Disclaimer

 --   It is advised that engaging in financial exchanges carries high risks, and investments and trading activities are subject to market fluctuations. We strongly recommend thoroughly reviewing all information on our website before making any decisions. It is important to note that past performance does not guarantee future results. Please be aware that consulting fees are nonrefundable. Our recommendations are based on technical analysis charts. However, it is essential to understand that our services do not provide a guarantee of profitability or loss.

 --   It is advised that engaging in financial exchanges carries high risks, and investments and trading activities are subject to market fluctuations. We strongly recommend thoroughly reviewing all information on our website before making any decisions. It is important to note that past performance does not guarantee future results. Please be aware that consulting fees are nonrefundable. Our recommendations are based on technical analysis charts. However, it is essential to understand that our services do not provide a guarantee of profitability or loss.

 --   It is advised that engaging in financial exchanges carries high risks, and investments and trading activities are subject to market fluctuations. We strongly recommend thoroughly reviewing all information on our website before making any decisions. It is important to note that past performance does not guarantee future results. Please be aware that consulting fees are nonrefundable. Our recommendations are based on technical analysis charts. However, it is essential to understand that our services do not provide a guarantee of profitability or loss.

 --   It is advised that engaging in financial exchanges carries high risks, and investments and trading activities are subject to market fluctuations. We strongly recommend thoroughly reviewing all information on our website before making any decisions. It is important to note that past performance does not guarantee future results. Please be aware that consulting fees are nonrefundable. Our recommendations are based on technical analysis charts. However, it is essential to understand that our services do not provide a guarantee of profitability or loss.

 --   It is advised that engaging in financial exchanges carries high risks, and investments and trading activities are subject to market fluctuations. We strongly recommend thoroughly reviewing all information on our website before making any decisions. It is important to note that past performance does not guarantee future results. Please be aware that consulting fees are nonrefundable. Our recommendations are based on technical analysis charts. However, it is essential to understand that our services do not provide a guarantee of profitability or loss.

 --   It is advised that engaging in financial exchanges carries high risks, and investments and trading activities are subject to market fluctuations. We strongly recommend thoroughly reviewing all information on our website before making any decisions. It is important to note that past performance does not guarantee future results. Please be aware that consulting fees are nonrefundable. Our recommendations are based on technical analysis charts. However, it is essential to understand that our services do not provide a guarantee of profitability or loss.

 --   It is advised that engaging in financial exchanges carries high risks, and investments and trading activities are subject to market fluctuations. We strongly recommend thoroughly reviewing all information on our website before making any decisions. It is important to note that past performance does not guarantee future results. Please be aware that consulting fees are nonrefundable. Our recommendations are based on technical analysis charts. However, it is essential to understand that our services do not provide a guarantee of profitability or loss.

 --   It is advised that engaging in financial exchanges carries high risks, and investments and trading activities are subject to market fluctuations. We strongly recommend thoroughly reviewing all information on our website before making any decisions. It is important to note that past performance does not guarantee future results. Please be aware that consulting fees are nonrefundable. Our recommendations are based on technical analysis charts. However, it is essential to understand that our services do not provide a guarantee of profitability or loss.

 --   It is advised that engaging in financial exchanges carries high risks, and investments and trading activities are subject to market fluctuations. We strongly recommend thoroughly reviewing all information on our website before making any decisions. It is important to note that past performance does not guarantee future results. Please be aware that consulting fees are nonrefundable. Our recommendations are based on technical analysis charts. However, it is essential to understand that our services do not provide a guarantee of profitability or loss.

 --   It is advised that engaging in financial exchanges carries high risks, and investments and trading activities are subject to market fluctuations. We strongly recommend thoroughly reviewing all information on our website before making any decisions. It is important to note that past performance does not guarantee future results. Please be aware that consulting fees are nonrefundable. Our recommendations are based on technical analysis charts. However, it is essential to understand that our services do not provide a guarantee of profitability or loss.

 --   It is advised that engaging in financial exchanges carries high risks, and investments and trading activities are subject to market fluctuations. We strongly recommend thoroughly reviewing all information on our website before making any decisions. It is important to note that past performance does not guarantee future results. Please be aware that consulting fees are nonrefundable. Our recommendations are based on technical analysis charts. However, it is essential to understand that our services do not provide a guarantee of profitability or loss.

 --   It is advised that engaging in financial exchanges carries high risks, and investments and trading activities are subject to market fluctuations. We strongly recommend thoroughly reviewing all information on our website before making any decisions. It is important to note that past performance does not guarantee future results. Please be aware that consulting fees are nonrefundable. Our recommendations are based on technical analysis charts. However, it is essential to understand that our services do not provide a guarantee of profitability or loss.

 --   It is advised that engaging in financial exchanges carries high risks, and investments and trading activities are subject to market fluctuations. We strongly recommend thoroughly reviewing all information on our website before making any decisions. It is important to note that past performance does not guarantee future results. Please be aware that consulting fees are nonrefundable. Our recommendations are based on technical analysis charts. However, it is essential to understand that our services do not provide a guarantee of profitability or loss.

 --   It is advised that engaging in financial exchanges carries high risks, and investments and trading activities are subject to market fluctuations. We strongly recommend thoroughly reviewing all information on our website before making any decisions. It is important to note that past performance does not guarantee future results. Please be aware that consulting fees are nonrefundable. Our recommendations are based on technical analysis charts. However, it is essential to understand that our services do not provide a guarantee of profitability or loss.

 --   It is advised that engaging in financial exchanges carries high risks, and investments and trading activities are subject to market fluctuations. We strongly recommend thoroughly reviewing all information on our website before making any decisions. It is important to note that past performance does not guarantee future results. Please be aware that consulting fees are nonrefundable. Our recommendations are based on technical analysis charts. However, it is essential to understand that our services do not provide a guarantee of profitability or loss.

 --   It is advised that engaging in financial exchanges carries high risks, and investments and trading activities are subject to market fluctuations. We strongly recommend thoroughly reviewing all information on our website before making any decisions. It is important to note that past performance does not guarantee future results. Please be aware that consulting fees are nonrefundable. Our recommendations are based on technical analysis charts. However, it is essential to understand that our services do not provide a guarantee of profitability or loss.

 --   It is advised that engaging in financial exchanges carries high risks, and investments and trading activities are subject to market fluctuations. We strongly recommend thoroughly reviewing all information on our website before making any decisions. It is important to note that past performance does not guarantee future results. Please be aware that consulting fees are nonrefundable. Our recommendations are based on technical analysis charts. However, it is essential to understand that our services do not provide a guarantee of profitability or loss.

 --   It is advised that engaging in financial exchanges carries high risks, and investments and trading activities are subject to market fluctuations. We strongly recommend thoroughly reviewing all information on our website before making any decisions. It is important to note that past performance does not guarantee future results. Please be aware that consulting fees are nonrefundable. Our recommendations are based on technical analysis charts. However, it is essential to understand that our services do not provide a guarantee of profitability or loss.

 --   It is advised that engaging in financial exchanges carries high risks, and investments and trading activities are subject to market fluctuations. We strongly recommend thoroughly reviewing all information on our website before making any decisions. It is important to note that past performance does not guarantee future results. Please be aware that consulting fees are nonrefundable. Our recommendations are based on technical analysis charts. However, it is essential to understand that our services do not provide a guarantee of profitability or loss.

 --   It is advised that engaging in financial exchanges carries high risks, and investments and trading activities are subject to market fluctuations. We strongly recommend thoroughly reviewing all information on our website before making any decisions. It is important to note that past performance does not guarantee future results. Please be aware that consulting fees are nonrefundable. Our recommendations are based on technical analysis charts. However, it is essential to understand that our services do not provide a guarantee of profitability or loss.

 --   It is advised that engaging in financial exchanges carries high risks, and investments and trading activities are subject to market fluctuations. We strongly recommend thoroughly reviewing all information on our website before making any decisions. It is important to note that past performance does not guarantee future results. Please be aware that consulting fees are nonrefundable. Our recommendations are based on technical analysis charts. However, it is essential to understand that our services do not provide a guarantee of profitability or loss.

 --   It is advised that engaging in financial exchanges carries high risks, and investments and trading activities are subject to market fluctuations. We strongly recommend thoroughly reviewing all information on our website before making any decisions. It is important to note that past performance does not guarantee future results. Please be aware that consulting fees are nonrefundable. Our recommendations are based on technical analysis charts. However, it is essential to understand that our services do not provide a guarantee of profitability or loss.

 --   It is advised that engaging in financial exchanges carries high risks, and investments and trading activities are subject to market fluctuations. We strongly recommend thoroughly reviewing all information on our website before making any decisions. It is important to note that past performance does not guarantee future results. Please be aware that consulting fees are nonrefundable. Our recommendations are based on technical analysis charts. However, it is essential to understand that our services do not provide a guarantee of profitability or loss.

 --   It is advised that engaging in financial exchanges carries high risks, and investments and trading activities are subject to market fluctuations. We strongly recommend thoroughly reviewing all information on our website before making any decisions. It is important to note that past performance does not guarantee future results. Please be aware that consulting fees are nonrefundable. Our recommendations are based on technical analysis charts. However, it is essential to understand that our services do not provide a guarantee of profitability or loss.

 --   It is advised that engaging in financial exchanges carries high risks, and investments and trading activities are subject to market fluctuations. We strongly recommend thoroughly reviewing all information on our website before making any decisions. It is important to note that past performance does not guarantee future results. Please be aware that consulting fees are nonrefundable. Our recommendations are based on technical analysis charts. However, it is essential to understand that our services do not provide a guarantee of profitability or loss.

 --   It is advised that engaging in financial exchanges carries high risks, and investments and trading activities are subject to market fluctuations. We strongly recommend thoroughly reviewing all information on our website before making any decisions. It is important to note that past performance does not guarantee future results. Please be aware that consulting fees are nonrefundable. Our recommendations are based on technical analysis charts. However, it is essential to understand that our services do not provide a guarantee of profitability or loss.

 --   It is advised that engaging in financial exchanges carries high risks, and investments and trading activities are subject to market fluctuations. We strongly recommend thoroughly reviewing all information on our website before making any decisions. It is important to note that past performance does not guarantee future results. Please be aware that consulting fees are nonrefundable. Our recommendations are based on technical analysis charts. However, it is essential to understand that our services do not provide a guarantee of profitability or loss.

 --   It is advised that engaging in financial exchanges carries high risks, and investments and trading activities are subject to market fluctuations. We strongly recommend thoroughly reviewing all information on our website before making any decisions. It is important to note that past performance does not guarantee future results. Please be aware that consulting fees are nonrefundable. Our recommendations are based on technical analysis charts. However, it is essential to understand that our services do not provide a guarantee of profitability or loss.

 --   It is advised that engaging in financial exchanges carries high risks, and investments and trading activities are subject to market fluctuations. We strongly recommend thoroughly reviewing all information on our website before making any decisions. It is important to note that past performance does not guarantee future results. Please be aware that consulting fees are nonrefundable. Our recommendations are based on technical analysis charts. However, it is essential to understand that our services do not provide a guarantee of profitability or loss.